Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China. Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years. Robust demographic inference from genomic and SNP data. Three phases of ancient migration shaped the ancestry of human populations in Vanuatu. A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in Croatia. The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains. The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations. A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia. The combined landscape of Denisovan and Neanderthal ancestry in present-day humans. Sankararaman, S., Mallick, S., Patterson, N. Excavating Neandertal and Denisovan DNA from the genomes of Melanesian individuals. Denisova admixture and the first modern human dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania. Denisovan ancestry in East Eurasian and Native American populations. Native American gene flow into Polynesia predating Easter Island settlement. A Neolithic expansion, but strong genetic structure, in the independent history of New Guinea. The gateway from Near into Remote Oceania: new insights from genome-wide data. Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania. Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific. Population turnover in Remote Oceania shortly after initial settlement. Demographic history of Oceania inferred from genome-wide data. On the Road of the Winds: An Archeological History of the Pacific Islands before European Contact (Univ. When did Homo sapiens first reach Southeast Asia and Sahul? Proc. First Farmers: the Origins of Agricultural Societies (Blackwell, 2005). Language phylogenies reveal expansion pulses and pauses in Pacific settlement. Foragers, fishers and farmers: origins of the Taiwanese Neolithic. The evolutionary history and human settlement of Australia and the Pacific. Finally, we report evidence of selective sweeps and polygenic adaptation associated with pathogen exposure and lipid metabolism in the Pacific region, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of biological adaptation to island environments. Furthermore, whereas introgression of Neanderthal genetic information facilitated the adaptation of modern humans related to multiple phenotypes (for example, metabolism, pigmentation and neuronal development), Denisovan introgression was primarily beneficial for immune-related functions. Our analyses reveal marked differences in the proportion and nature of Denisovan heritage among Pacific groups, suggesting that independent interbreeding with highly structured archaic populations occurred. Additionally, this dispersal was not followed by an immediate, single admixture event with Near Oceanian populations, but involved recurrent episodes of genetic interactions. We infer that the East Asian ancestors of Pacific populations may have diverged from Taiwanese Indigenous peoples before the Neolithic expansion, which is thought to have started from Taiwan around 5,000 years ago 2, 3, 4. We find that the ancestors of Papuan-related (‘Near Oceanian’) groups underwent a strong bottleneck before the settlement of the region, and separated around 20,000–40,000 years ago. Here we report high-coverage genomes of 317 individuals from 20 populations from the Pacific region. However, the demographic and adaptive history of Oceanian populations remains largely uncharacterized. The Pacific region is of major importance for addressing questions regarding human dispersals, interactions with archaic hominins and natural selection processes 1. Nature volume 592, pages 583–589 ( 2021) Cite this article Genomic insights into population history and biological adaptation in Oceania
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